Have they completed all the 5 headings? Yes
Key Terms that I am going to be making sure that Bradley has in their script are:
- Conglomerate
- Subsidiaries
- Produce, Distribute and Exchange
- Cross Media Ownership
- Audience
- Parent Company
- Film Production Cycle
- Film Production Process
- Vertical Integration
- Horizontal Integration
- Affiliates
- Synergy
- Joint Venture
I have been approached by Education Wise and I am here to help you learn about the Level 3 media course and all that comes with it, whether it is media products or ethical, legal and regulatory issues. I chose to teach you about 20th century fox which is an example of a conglomerate.
Ownership
There are two sides to Ownership in media companies, Conglomerates and Independent Companies. I am going to teach you about Conglomerates. Now one of the most well-known conglomerates is 20th Century Fox. Rupert Murdock owns 20th Century Fox and News Corp; this is an example of cross media ownership. This term means a company that can make more than one type of media by owning companies that are different types of media. A conglomerate is a company that is made up of different companies, these are called subsidiaries. Not all subsidiaries are the same size. Think about it like this, a conglomerate is a piece of pie and each slice is a subsidiary, now not all the pie slices have to be the same size, one slice could be half of the pie, for example. Conglomerate are normally big companies out to make money and are very successful as it is easier for them to cross promote their products, through their subsidiaries having different fields of knowledge in the media industry. For example, when James Bond was released produced by a company owned by Sony. Sony specialise in all different kinds of media products; video games are produced for the PlayStation, they produce media products such as headphones and televisions, they also worked with Ericson, to make the Sony Ericson phone. All these different companies all owned by Sony are helpful when trying to broadcast a new product, through the use of commercialising.
Another example of cross media ownership is BBC as they work with TV, Radio and online. BBC also are a public service broadcaster, they are funded by the public and are TV license free. There is an aspect that is very important for independent companies as otherwise they would have to do all these things by themselves with no help, this isn’t as important for conglomerates but still important. This aspect is called a Joint Venture and essentially means a company works with other companies to produce, distribute and edit. 20th Century Fox have worked with dream works, this helps even larger companies to widen their audience even further and become more successful.
Another example of cross media ownership is BBC as they work with TV, Radio and online. BBC also are a public service broadcaster, they are funded by the public and are TV license free. There is an aspect that is very important for independent companies as otherwise they would have to do all these things by themselves with no help, this isn’t as important for conglomerates but still important. This aspect is called a Joint Venture and essentially means a company works with other companies to produce, distribute and edit. 20th Century Fox have worked with dream works, this helps even larger companies to widen their audience even further and become more successful.
Operating Models *
I am now going to teach you about Operating Models. There are two sides to operating models, Horizontal Integration and Vertical Integration. Horizontal Integration is the way that subsidiaries of a conglomerate, a parent company and joint ventures work together to promote a product. A parent company is two companies working together, one being a conglomerate and the other being a subsidiary, an example of this would be Warp Records and Warp Films. A joint venture however is two outside companies, that aren’t connected in any way working together to also promote their product, an example of this would be 20th Century Fox and DreamWorks. Together 20th Century Fox and dream works created such films as “Road to Perdition”, “The Croods”, “Turbo” and “Penguins of Madagascar.” Another example of a Joint Venture is 20th Century Fox and Lucas Films. Horizontal Integration and Vertical Integration both achieve synergy, which is being achieved because of cross promotion across different platforms. With Vertical integration a company is able to control PDE – which represents the Film Production Cycle, made up of the Production, Distribution and Exchange. This is something that Independent companies cannot do, as the only thing they can do themselves is Produce, they would have to have a joint venture with a company or companies that can Distribute and exchange for them. So vertical integration only applies to conglomerates as they have more power over their production cycle as they have subsidiaries for cross promotion.
Now were going to look at the Film Production Process in detail. Horizontal Integration is the different platforms that the media can be spread across; being TV, Radio, Film/Cinema, Games/Electronics, Online on websites and Newspapers. The Vertical Integration is as I’ve previously mentioned the PDE. Production is the making of the media; Distributing is the distribution on different platforms, being TV, Cinema and an online, and an example being Netflix. The distribution phase also involves Advertising and Marketing, which is a very important step in promoting the product. Then the last stage being Exchange, which the product is being exchanged for money and the audiences receives the product, whether they consume it, watch it or play it. Now let’s look at 20th Century Fox in terms of Horizontal Integration. 20th Century Fox’s products are promoted by all different platforms, being Fox TV, Star and Sky for the television platform, Talk Radio for Radio, Fox Home Entertainment for DVD/Blu-ray and The Sun for Newspapers. Even though these are a few examples, it gives you an insight into how products are cross promoted. Vertical Integration in terms of 20th Century Fox produces, distributes and owns subsidiaries that allow the audience to consume their products. As I’ve previously said, Independent Companies struggles to distribute and exchange and can therefore only produce.
I am now going to explain to you the Film Production Process, which means the ways in which the company controls the three main stages. 20th Century Fox will go through these steps to produce a viable product. The first stage is Pre Production, which includes all the planning. This has to be done before the movie can be produced. This entails;, Story boards, script, the casting and crew, audience research, assets, work plan, concepts, software, location scouting, budget and legislation which involves the age certificates and censorship. This is a key part of the Film production process, as without planning and preparation, films wouldn’t be as thought out and as presentable as they are. The second stage is basically the filming of the scenes and all that comes with it; involving the directing, acquiring any assets like props, sets and costumes. Now a very important part of this stage is prosthetics and animatronics, depending on the genre of the film. Other parts of the production are pyrotechnics, lighting by the director of photography, Chroma key and acting and recording audio. Chroma key is the green/ blue screen, these colours are used because they are the easiest to work with when editing. The last stage involves the Post Production, which includes editing. This can be anything from editing the footage, to editing in the sound if it is too loud or too quiet and also gives you a chance to add any music. This would be the stage where you would add Chroma Key, Computer Generated Imagery and Special Effects. Transitions are another key feature that would be added in, for example; dissolve, fade and jump cut.
Now were going to look at the Film Production Process in detail. Horizontal Integration is the different platforms that the media can be spread across; being TV, Radio, Film/Cinema, Games/Electronics, Online on websites and Newspapers. The Vertical Integration is as I’ve previously mentioned the PDE. Production is the making of the media; Distributing is the distribution on different platforms, being TV, Cinema and an online, and an example being Netflix. The distribution phase also involves Advertising and Marketing, which is a very important step in promoting the product. Then the last stage being Exchange, which the product is being exchanged for money and the audiences receives the product, whether they consume it, watch it or play it. Now let’s look at 20th Century Fox in terms of Horizontal Integration. 20th Century Fox’s products are promoted by all different platforms, being Fox TV, Star and Sky for the television platform, Talk Radio for Radio, Fox Home Entertainment for DVD/Blu-ray and The Sun for Newspapers. Even though these are a few examples, it gives you an insight into how products are cross promoted. Vertical Integration in terms of 20th Century Fox produces, distributes and owns subsidiaries that allow the audience to consume their products. As I’ve previously said, Independent Companies struggles to distribute and exchange and can therefore only produce.
I am now going to explain to you the Film Production Process, which means the ways in which the company controls the three main stages. 20th Century Fox will go through these steps to produce a viable product. The first stage is Pre Production, which includes all the planning. This has to be done before the movie can be produced. This entails;, Story boards, script, the casting and crew, audience research, assets, work plan, concepts, software, location scouting, budget and legislation which involves the age certificates and censorship. This is a key part of the Film production process, as without planning and preparation, films wouldn’t be as thought out and as presentable as they are. The second stage is basically the filming of the scenes and all that comes with it; involving the directing, acquiring any assets like props, sets and costumes. Now a very important part of this stage is prosthetics and animatronics, depending on the genre of the film. Other parts of the production are pyrotechnics, lighting by the director of photography, Chroma key and acting and recording audio. Chroma key is the green/ blue screen, these colours are used because they are the easiest to work with when editing. The last stage involves the Post Production, which includes editing. This can be anything from editing the footage, to editing in the sound if it is too loud or too quiet and also gives you a chance to add any music. This would be the stage where you would add Chroma Key, Computer Generated Imagery and Special Effects. Transitions are another key feature that would be added in, for example; dissolve, fade and jump cut.
Products
20th Century Fox and its subsidiaries produce a lot of different products. The term production means what the company produces, the main product or products that the media institution make. Rupert Murdock owns News Corp as well as 20th Century Fox; this allows him to advertise on a whole different platform, which is cross promotion. The reason why 20th Century Fox is so successful is because they cater to the mass audience and produce products that are main stream rather than niche. As they cater for a wide audience they have made popular films such as “The Simpsons Movie” which can enjoyed by all. Sky is a subsidiary of 20th Century Fox; they specialise in lots of medias, they offer broadband and television, they produce mainstream content for the mass audience. 20th Century Fox’s subsidiaries allow the company to produce a wide range of products, which can reach out to all the different age ranges and genres, this widens their fan base. National Geographic is a subsidiary of 20th Century Fox and creates survival and documentary shows, such as “Explorer” and “Live Free or Die.”
An example of a subsidiary that allows 20th Century Fox to provide for the niche audience is Star TV which caters for the Pan Asian audience. Fox Digital Entertainment produce games for phones, e.g. X Men – Cerebro and Chipwrecked – Chipmunk colouring. Especially the second app they have produced allows them to reach out to the younger audience. Even though 20th Century Fox generally produce main stream products that appeal to a mass audience, they also produce specific products that appeal to the niche audiences. Blue Sky Studios has been owned by 20th Century Fox since 1997 and produced Ice Age and Rio being their most successful films. Own Talk Radio is an example of Cross media ownership, as it allows 20th Century Fox to produce a wider range of media platforms, it specifies in political discussions and pranks which even though are a niche audience within themselves, when put together appeal to a wider audience. 20th Century Fox have produced a lot of successful films, the highest grossing of which are; Avatar, Titanic and Star Wars I – The Phantom Menace. 20th Century Fox produce a wide variation of genres to appeal to the mass, including; Ice Age, Titanic, Star Wars, Modern Family, Alien, which are classified as; family, tragedy, sci-fi, comedy and horror. They also own Fox Broadcasting Company which has produced such shows as Gotham, Empire and Bobs Burgers. The main media platform that 20th Century Fox specialise in is films and TV shows, but they overall specialise in a wide range of media platforms, which is an example of cross media ownership. 20th Century Fox provides for the mass but also for the niche audiences, he produces main stream films mainly but also has branched out to produce niche films.
An example of a subsidiary that allows 20th Century Fox to provide for the niche audience is Star TV which caters for the Pan Asian audience. Fox Digital Entertainment produce games for phones, e.g. X Men – Cerebro and Chipwrecked – Chipmunk colouring. Especially the second app they have produced allows them to reach out to the younger audience. Even though 20th Century Fox generally produce main stream products that appeal to a mass audience, they also produce specific products that appeal to the niche audiences. Blue Sky Studios has been owned by 20th Century Fox since 1997 and produced Ice Age and Rio being their most successful films. Own Talk Radio is an example of Cross media ownership, as it allows 20th Century Fox to produce a wider range of media platforms, it specifies in political discussions and pranks which even though are a niche audience within themselves, when put together appeal to a wider audience. 20th Century Fox have produced a lot of successful films, the highest grossing of which are; Avatar, Titanic and Star Wars I – The Phantom Menace. 20th Century Fox produce a wide variation of genres to appeal to the mass, including; Ice Age, Titanic, Star Wars, Modern Family, Alien, which are classified as; family, tragedy, sci-fi, comedy and horror. They also own Fox Broadcasting Company which has produced such shows as Gotham, Empire and Bobs Burgers. The main media platform that 20th Century Fox specialise in is films and TV shows, but they overall specialise in a wide range of media platforms, which is an example of cross media ownership. 20th Century Fox provides for the mass but also for the niche audiences, he produces main stream films mainly but also has branched out to produce niche films.
Market Position
I am now going to explain to you 20th Century Fox in terms of Market Position. The term Market Position means how successful a company is in their field. This can be determined in many different ways; gross profit margin, shares and influence in the stock market, most successful product and the income it brought in, the success of its subsidiaries, global recognition and what sets them apart from other companies like them. We are first going to look at their yearly revenue, as you can clearly see their profit is increasing each year, adding to their success. This year they have made $28.99
Billion in revenue alone. 20th Century Fox’s highest grossing films are Avatar, Titanic and Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. Avatar bringing in $760,507,625, equating to 1.83% of 20th Century Fox’s revenue alone in 2009. 20th Century are an international company located all around the world, they are based in; US, Latin America, and Europe, hence the name 20th Century Fox International. The films they produce have helped them over the years to become the successful company that they are, specialising in family films/ main stream for the mass audience and also producing unorthodox films for the niche audience to yet still widen their audience. They are set apart from other companies like them because they are more diverse; as Disney specifically produces kids films, 20th Century Fox have broadened their range and therefore appeal to a wider audience, for example; Sci-Fi, Action, Thriller, Horror, Family, Romantic Comedies, Tragedy etc.
You can also tell how successful a company is by the success of their joint ventures, 20th Century Fox have worked with Dream Works which in itself is a very successful company, an example of a film they produced together would be “The Croods” producing $187,168,425 gross profit. Also another indicator of successful a company is the success of some of its subsidiary’s; Blue Sky Studios and Regency Enterprises. Blue Sky Studios highest grossing film is the Ice Age series, specifically Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs bringing in gross profit of $196,573,705, with the previous Ice Ages following closely behind. Blue Sky Studios was founded in 1987 by Michael Ferraro, Carl Ludwig, Alison Brown, David Brown, Chris Wedge and Eugene Troubetzkoy. The company was later bought by 20th Century Fox in 1997, then releasing its first and most successful series of films being Ice Age in 2002. Regency Enterprises has produced some very successful films being; In Time, Gone Girl, 12 Years a Slave. As you can see they specialise in a wide range of genres including; Action, Thriller, Suspense and History.
Billion in revenue alone. 20th Century Fox’s highest grossing films are Avatar, Titanic and Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace. Avatar bringing in $760,507,625, equating to 1.83% of 20th Century Fox’s revenue alone in 2009. 20th Century are an international company located all around the world, they are based in; US, Latin America, and Europe, hence the name 20th Century Fox International. The films they produce have helped them over the years to become the successful company that they are, specialising in family films/ main stream for the mass audience and also producing unorthodox films for the niche audience to yet still widen their audience. They are set apart from other companies like them because they are more diverse; as Disney specifically produces kids films, 20th Century Fox have broadened their range and therefore appeal to a wider audience, for example; Sci-Fi, Action, Thriller, Horror, Family, Romantic Comedies, Tragedy etc.
You can also tell how successful a company is by the success of their joint ventures, 20th Century Fox have worked with Dream Works which in itself is a very successful company, an example of a film they produced together would be “The Croods” producing $187,168,425 gross profit. Also another indicator of successful a company is the success of some of its subsidiary’s; Blue Sky Studios and Regency Enterprises. Blue Sky Studios highest grossing film is the Ice Age series, specifically Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs bringing in gross profit of $196,573,705, with the previous Ice Ages following closely behind. Blue Sky Studios was founded in 1987 by Michael Ferraro, Carl Ludwig, Alison Brown, David Brown, Chris Wedge and Eugene Troubetzkoy. The company was later bought by 20th Century Fox in 1997, then releasing its first and most successful series of films being Ice Age in 2002. Regency Enterprises has produced some very successful films being; In Time, Gone Girl, 12 Years a Slave. As you can see they specialise in a wide range of genres including; Action, Thriller, Suspense and History.
Competitors
Disney and 20th Century Fox are competitors because they produce some of the same content, they both produce films aimed at children and families. Since the market for this area is so crowded, it’s so crucial for companies to stand out and be unique, but also produce for the mass audience and produce mainstream content. Disney's highest grossing film is The Avengers; producing a gross profit of $623,357,910 which is just under 20th Century Fox’s highest grossing film bringing in a gross profit of $760,507,625. Disney have produced some very successful films such as; The Little Mermaid, Hercules, Aladdin and Jungle Book. They also have a whole series specifically for Disney princesses which will have a firm grasp on a specific audience. Like 20th Century Fox, Disney is available across a lot of media platforms, such as; Television, Films, Games and Electronics and Online. Even though 20th Century Fox has varied them across the different media subsidiaries, they don’t have a lot of attention into the games industry, which is where Disney rivals them. All the different competitors are competitors because they are just as successful as their rivals and they are trying to reach out the same audiences, they are generally trying to outdo each other. While 20th Century Fox try and be diverse and associate themselves with many media platforms, companies like CBS and NBC specialise specifically in Television and are able to put more time and effort into one platform. 20th Century Fox stands out from all their different competitors because they are iconic and are always associated with films. As well as industrialising the News platform, as Fox News is one of the most dominant news broadcasting shows. Whereas other competitors like Lions Gate don’t own any media across the news platform. Compared to other companies 20th Century Fox is able to be so diverse with its content, because of its many subsidiary’s specialising in specific media platforms, this is why 20th Century Fox is able to stand out from the other rival companies. Like 20th Century Fox, Lions Gate own many different subsidiary’s, but focusing on specifically television and films.
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